The Science

The Microbiome and Its Importance

The microbiome refers to the trillions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms that live in or on an organism, including humans and animals. In the case of gut microbiomes, these microorganisms help with:

Digestion

They assist in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients.

Immune System Function

The microbiome helps regulate immune responses and protects against harmful pathogens.

Metabolism and Health

The microbiome impacts how energy is extracted from food and how fat is stored, which can affect conditions like obesity or diabetes.

Mental Health

Emerging research suggests the gut microbiome may influence mood, behaviour, and neurological health, often referred to as the "gut-brain axis.

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In animals, like dogs and cats, the gut microbiome is especially important for digestion and immune system regulation. Any imbalance in the microbiome can lead to gastrointestinal issues, allergies, and even systemic health problems.

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How we test and what a small sample from your pet can tell us

The key technology used in microbiome testing is DNA sequencing, particularly 16S rRNA sequencing for bacterial analysis.

16S Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Sequencing

What It Is?

The 16S rRNA gene is a highly conserved region of bacterial DNA found in all bacteria. It encodes for a component of the bacterial ribosome, which is involved in protein synthesis.

Why It’s Used

This gene is chosen because its sequence is unique enough to identify different types of bacteria, but it’s also shared enough across different species to allow comparison. By sequencing this region from a sample, researchers can identify and categorize the different bacterial species present.

How Microbiome Testing Works

DNA Extraction

First, DNA is extracted from a sample (such as fecal matter in pets).

Amplification

The 16S rRNA gene is then amplified (copied many times) using a technique called PCR(polymerase chain reaction), which selectively targets and multiplies the 16S rRNA gene sequences from bacteria.

Sequencing

The amplified DNA is then sequenced to determine the exact order of nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA).

Analysis

Bioinformatic tools and databases are used to compare the sequences to known bacterial reference genomes to identify which bacteria are present and their relative abundance.

The Microbiome Test Kits

This cutting-edge test offers unparalleled accuracy and precision, drawing insights from a vast database of over 10,000 dogs and cats. Specifically designed to assist in managing diet, diarrhea, obesity, inflammation, anxiety, reactivity, allergies, and IIBD, our comprehensive Biome4Pets Test delivers an in-depth report brimming with crucial information to help restore and rehabilitate your pet's health.

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