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Tylosin is an antibiotic, commonly used to manage antibiotic-responsive dog diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, or treat cryptosporidiosis and colitis.
The effect on the microbiome of the treatment, is gut bacteria dysbiosis (imbalance), with a rapid and significant decline of diversity.
Following treatment, some bacteria species recover but many don’t and a return to pretreatment status is rarely achieved.
Dietary support for recovery post-treatment or during treatment with antibiotics is recommended.
Increase the use of non-digestible fibre (prebiotic) a good example is Beet Pulp to increase the numbers of good gut bacteria such as Firmicutes (vitamin and mineral availability) and Clostridia (immune function), at the same time the added prebiotic support will help decrease Erysipelotrichi (biofilm formation), and Fusobacteria (inflammation).
Psyllium husk is also as effective, with 10 g soaked per day for a small dog and twice that for a large dog,
Increasing dietary inulin to increase SCFA production (energy, vitality, gut health, and immune function), inulin will also decrease pathogenic bacteria.
With the current focus on reducing the use of antibiotics, inulin could prove to be a useful first strategy.
Inulin supplements contain fructans from chicory roots or artichokes, a teaspoon per day can be safely added to the diet of all dogs.
It can also be found in our products, alongside other products to help with gastric discomfort try PetBiome PreBiotic, Biotic Boost, and Antimicrobic.
Reference
Hall, Edward, and Alexander German. “Diseases of the Small Intestine.” Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Elsevier, 2017.
Shang, H et.al. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of inulin. Public Library of Science. Jan 2018; 13 (2): e0192273.
Simpson, Kenneth W, and Albert E Jergens. “Pitfalls and Progress in the Diagnosis and Management of Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease.” Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, vol. 41, no. 2, 2011, pp. 381–398.
There are specific profiles of gut imbalances associated with dog diarrhea.
The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining the host's health. However, there is growing evidence that certain bacteria in the host, known as pathobionts, are involved in the progression of diseases.
A common theme amongst dogs taking the Biome4Pets test is an increase in a bacteria called spirochaetes, from the same family as syphilis, originally found by a researcher to be linked to giardia in puppies with diarrhea.
The dogs taking the test are usually now clear of giardia, having had it as young dogs/pups, but the spirochaetes remain in the gut wall. Antibiotics could reduce the spirochaetes but would also severely disrupt the good members of the microbiome, the better way is to gently remove the spirochaetes using plant antimicrobials.
Plants contain a wide range of secondary metabolites able to provide targeted antimicrobial agents to modulate the microbiome more precisely, some can be given in whole plant form, and others are developed into the new narrow-spectrum antibiotics emerging as a new generation of drugs to treat microbiome dysbiosis/imbalance.
Below are the comments from the Biome4Pets Report, together with the recommendations, the dog wasn’t unthrifty but did have the other symptoms on an intermittent basis.
Biome4Pet Comments
‘’Maggie has high levels of spirochaetes, (40% of the total microbiome the average from 200 healthy dogs is 0.5%). High levels of spirochaetes have been termed spirochaetosis (see reference at the bottom of the post), symptoms appear in puppies and include unthriftiness, sporadic diarrhea, abdominal distension, and thinning of the muscle of the gut wall.
Spirochaetes are translocating bacteria that can pass out through the gut to the liver and kidneys, they also attach themselves to the gut wall and cause mucosal erosion.
An overgrowth of Spirochaetes in dogs is always linked to previous giardia infections/infestations.’
The use of plant antimicrobials can help reduce spirochaetes the best active compounds to be found in acacia catechu (1g per day) and smilax sarsaparilla (2g per day) alternatively the Petbiome product called Antimicrobic. is preformulated to reduce an overgrowth of spirochaetes based on the Biome4Pets analysis using the 16s rRNA gene, which identifies bacteria in the microbiome.
Duhamel, G. E., Hunsaker, B. D., Mathiesen, M. R., & Moxley, R. A. (1996). Intestinal spirochetosis and giardiasis in a beagle pup with diarrhea. Veterinary pathology, 33(3), 360-362.